Bugatti Veyron
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Bugatti Veyron EB 16.4 |
|
Bugatti Veyron 16.4 in Düsseldorf, Germany
|
| Overview |
| Manufacturer |
Bugatti Automobiles S.A.S. |
| Production |
- 2005–2011 (Veyron 16.4)
- 2009–2015 (Grand Sport)
- 2010–2011 (Super Sport)
- 2011–2015 (Grand Sport Vitesse)
|
| Assembly |
Molsheim, Alsace, France |
| Designer |
Jozef Kabaň[1] |
| Body and chassis |
| Class |
Supercar / Grand tourer (S) |
| Body style |
- 2-door coupé (16.4, Super Sport)
- 2-door targa top (Grand Sport, Grand Sport Vitesse)
|
| Layout |
Longitudinal mid-engine, permanent all wheel drive |
| Related |
Audi Rosemeyer
Bentley Hunaudières
Lamborghini Diablo VT |
| Powertrain |
| Engine |
Standard (Coupe), Grand Sport (Roadster):
8.0 L (488 cu in) W16 quad-turbocharged 1,014 PS (746 kW; 1,000 bhp)[2]
Super Sport (Coupe), Grand Sport Vitesse (Roadster):
1,200 PS (883 kW; 1,184 bhp)[2][3] |
| Transmission |
7-speed DSG automatic transmission |
| Dimensions |
| Wheelbase |
2,710 mm (106.7 in) |
| Length |
4,462 mm (175.7 in) |
| Width |
1,998 mm (78.7 in) |
| Height |
1,159 mm (45.6 in) |
| Kerb weight |
1,888 kg (4,162 lb) |
| Chronology |
| Predecessor |
Bugatti EB110 |
| Successor |
Bugatti Chiron (2016) |
The
Bugatti Veyron EB 16.4 is a
mid-engined sports car, designed and developed in Germany by the
Volkswagen Group and manufactured in
Molsheim, France, by
Bugatti Automobiles S.A.S.
The original version has a top speed of 407 km/h (253 mph).
[4] It was named
Car of the Decade and best car award (2000–2009) by the
BBC television programme
Top Gear. The standard Bugatti Veyron also won
Top Gear's Best Car Driven All Year award in 2005.
The Super Sport version of the Veyron is recognised by
Guinness World Records as the fastest
street-legal production car in the world, with a top speed of 430.9 km/h (267.7 mph),
[5]
and the roadster Veyron Grand Sport Vitesse version is the fastest
roadster in the world, reaching an averaged top of 408.84 km/h
(254.04 mph) in a test on 6 April 2013.
[6][7]
The Veyron's chief designer was Hartmut Warkuss, and the exterior was designed by
Jozef Kabaň of Volkswagen, with much of the engineering work being conducted under the guidance of engineering chief Wolfgang Schreiber.
Several special variants have been produced. In December 2010,
Bugatti began offering prospective buyers the ability to customise
exterior and interior colours by using the
Veyron 16.4 Configurator application on the marque's official website. The Bugatti Veyron was discontinued in late 2014.
[8][9]
Origins
In October 1999, Bugatti unveiled a fourth concept car at the
Tokyo Motor Show. The
EB 18/4 Veyron was a
mid-engined supercar styled in-house under the direction of
Hartmut Warkuß.
[11] In 2000 a modified version, the
EB 16/4 Veyron, was displayed at motor shows in
Detroit, Geneva, and Paris. Rather than the three-bank W-18 of the four previous concepts, the EB 16/4 featured the four-bank
W16 engine architecture installed in every production example of the Bugatti Veyron.
[12]
The decision to start production of the car was taken by the
Volkswagen Group in 2001. The first roadworthy prototype was completed
in August 2003. It is identical to the later series variant except for a
few details. In the transition from development to series production
considerable technical problems had to be addressed, repeatedly delaying
production until September 2005.
[13]
World record controversy
A controversy developed in 2013 over the Veyron Super Sport's status as the world’s
fastest production car, ultimately resolved in the Veyron's favour.
In early April 2013, driving.co.uk (also known as Sunday Times
Driving) began an investigation following claims from US car maker
Hennessey that its 928 kW (1,244 bhp)
Hennessey Venom GT
was entitled to the Guinness World Record. With a recorded speed of
427.6 km/h (265.7 mph) the Hennessey was 3.4 km/h (2.1 mph) slower than
the Veyron but Hennessey dismissed Bugatti’s official record saying that
the Veyron Super Sport was restricted to 415 km/h (258 mph) in
production form and that for it to achieve its record top speed of
431.0 km/h (267.8 mph), the car used was in a state of tune not
available to customers. Hennessey said its Venom GT was road-ready and
unmodified and was therefore a production car in the strict sense of the
term.
[16]
Driving.co.uk requested clarification from Guinness World Records,
which investigated this claim and found that the modification was
against the official guidelines of the record. Upon finding this,
Guinness World Records voided the Super Sport's record and announced it
was "reviewing this category with expert external consultants to ensure
our records fairly reflect achievements in this field."
[17]
After further review,
Shelby SuperCars, the producers of the
Ultimate Aero TT, said that they had reclaimed the record,
[18]
however Guinness reinstated the Super Sport's record after coming to
the conclusion that "a change to the speed limiter does not alter the
fundamental design of the car or its engine."
[19]
Bugatti Veyron (2005–2011)
Specifications and performance
The Veyron's quad-turbocharged W16 engine
First U.S. Bugatti Veyron on display in April 2006
The transmission is a dual-clutch
direct-shift gearbox computer-controlled
automatic with seven
gear ratios, with magnesium paddles behind the steering wheel and a
shift time of less than 150 milliseconds, built by
Ricardo of England rather than
Borg-Warner,
who designed the six speed DSG used in the mainstream Volkswagen Group
marques. The Veyron can be driven in either semi-automatic or fully
automatic mode. A replacement transmission for the Veyron costs just
over
US$120,000.
[20] It also has permanent all-wheel drive using the
Haldex Traction system. It uses special
Michelin PAX run-flat tyres, designed specifically to accommodate the Veyron's top speed, and cost
US$25,000 per set.
[20] The tyres can be mounted on the rims only in France, a service which costs
US$70,000.
[20] Kerb weight is 1,888 kilograms (4,162 lb).
[21] This gives the car a power-to-weight ratio, according to Volkswagen Group's figures, of 530
PS (390
kW; 523
bhp) per ton.
The car's wheelbase is 2,710 mm (106.7 in). Overall length is
4,462 mm (175.7 in) which gives 1,752.6 mm (69.0 in) of overhang. The
width is 1,998 mm (78.7 in) and height 1,204 mm (47.4 in). The Bugatti
Veyron has a total of ten
radiators:
[22]
- 3 heat exchangers for the air-to-liquid intercoolers.
- 3 engine radiators.
- 1 for the air conditioning system.
- 1 transmission oil radiator.
- 1 differential oil radiator.
- 1 engine oil radiator
It has a drag coefficient of
Cd=0.41 (normal condition) and
Cd=0.36 (after lowering to the ground),
[23] and a frontal area of 2.07 m
2 (22.3 sq ft).
[24] This gives it a drag area, the product of drag coefficient and frontal area, of
CdA=0.74 m
2 (8.0 sq ft).
Engine output
Top speed
German inspection officials recorded an average top speed of the original version of 408.47 km/h (253.81 mph)
[4] during test sessions on Volkswagen Group's private
Ehra-Lessien test track on 19 April 2005.
This top speed was equalled by
James May on
Top Gear
in November 2006, at the Ehra-Lessien test track. May noted that at top
speed the engine consumes 45,000 litres (9,900 imp gal) of air per
minute (as much as a human breathes in four days). Back in the
Top Gear studio, co-presenter
Jeremy Clarkson
commented that most supercars felt like they were shaking apart at
their top speed, and asked May if that was the case with the Veyron at
407 km/h (253 mph). May responded that the Veyron was very controlled,
and only wobbled slightly when the air brake deployed.
[26]
The car's everyday top speed is listed at 343 km/h (213 mph). When
the car reaches 220 km/h (140 mph), hydraulics lower the car until it
has a ground clearance of about 9 cm (3.5 in). At the same time, the
wing and spoiler deploy. In this
handling mode, the wing provides 3,425 newtons (770 lbf) of downforce, holding the car to the road.
[22]
Top speed mode must be entered while the vehicle is at rest.
Its driver must toggle a special top speed key to the left of their
seat, which triggers a checklist to establish whether the car and its
driver are ready to attempt to reach 407 km/h (253 mph). If so, the rear
spoiler retracts, the front air diffusers shut, and normal 12.5 cm
(4.9 in) ground clearance drops to 6.5 cm (2.6 in).
Braking
Prototypes have been subjected to repeated 1.0 g braking from
312 km/h (194 mph) to 80 km/h (50 mph) without fade. With the car's
acceleration from 80 km/h (50 mph) to 312 km/h (194 mph), that test can
be performed every 22 seconds. At speeds above 200 km/h (120 mph), the
rear wing also acts as an airbrake, snapping to a 55° angle in
0.4 seconds once brakes are applied, providing an additional 0.68 g
(6.66 m/s
2) of deceleration (equivalent to the stopping power of an ordinary hatchback).
[22]
Bugatti claims the Veyron will brake from 400 km/h (250 mph) to a
standstill in less than 10 seconds, though distance covered in this time
will be half a kilometre (third of a mile).
[22]
Specifications
| Basic Specifications[2][3] |
| Layout and body style |
Mid-engine, four-wheel drive, two-door coupé/targa top |
Base price |
€1,225,000 (£1,065,000/US$1,700,000)
Super Sport:
€1,912,500 (£1,665,000/US$2,700,000) |
| Internal combustion engine |
8.0 litre W16, 64v 2xDOHC quad-turbocharged petrol engine |
Engine displacement
and max. power |
7,993 cc (487.8 cu in)
1,014.9 metric horsepower (746 kW; 1,001 bhp)
Super Sport:
1,200 metric horsepower (883 kW; 1,184 bhp) |
| Performance |
| Top speed |
408.47 km/h (253.81 mph) (average)
Super Sport:
431.072 km/h (267.856 mph) (average) |
| 0–100 km/h (0.0–62.1 mph) |
2.46 seconds |
0–240 km/h (0.0–149.1 mph) |
9.8 seconds |
| 0–300 km/h (0.0–186.4 mph)[27] |
16.7 seconds
Super Sport:
14.6 seconds[28] |
0–400 km/h (0.0–248.5 mph)[29][30][not in citation given] |
55 seconds |
| Standing quarter-mile (402 m)[31] |
10.2 seconds (standard) |
| Braking |
31.4 m (from 100 km/h to 0) |
| Fuel economy[32] |
| EPA city driving |
8 miles per U.S. gallon (29 L/100 km; 9.6 mpg-imp) |
EPA highway driving |
14 miles per U.S. gallon (17 L/100 km; 17 mpg-imp) |
| Top speed fuel economy |
3 miles per U.S. gallon (78 L/100 km; 3.6 mpg-imp), or 1.4 U.S. gal (5.3 L; 1.2 imp gal) per minute |
Bugatti Veyron 16.4 Grand Sport (2009–2015)
The
targa top Bugatti Veyron 16.4 Grand Sport version of the Bugatti Veyron EB 16.4 was unveiled at the 2008
Pebble Beach Concours d'Elegance.
[33][34] It has extensive reinforcements to compensate for the lack of a standard roof,
[35]
and small changes to the windshield and running lights. Two removable
tops are included, the second a temporary arrangement fashioned after an
umbrella. The top speed with the hardtop in place is the same as the
standard coupé version, but with the roof down is limited to 369 km/h
(229 mph)—and to 130 km/h (81 mph) with the temporary soft roof. The
Grand Sport edition was limited to 150 units, with the first 50 going
exclusively to registered Bugatti customers. Production began in the
second quarter of 2009, with the car priced at €1.4 million (excluding
taxes and delivery).
A version was introduced at the Qatar Motor Show 2012 with a
horizontal colour split with a bright yellow body framed in visible
black carbon (including black-tinted wheels), seats in yellow-coloured
leather upholstery with black stitching, middle console in black carbon,
dashboard, steering wheel and gearshift made of black leather with
yellow stitching.
[36] It was priced at €1.58 million.
Bugatti Veyron 16.4 Super Sport, World Record Edition (2010–2011)
The Bugatti Veyron 16.4 Super Sport is a faster, more powerful
version of the Bugatti Veyron 16.4. Production is limited to 30 units.
The Super Sport has increased engine power of 1,200 PS (880 kW;
1,200 bhp), a torque of 1,500 N·m (1,100 lbf·ft), and a revised
aerodynamic package.
[37] The Super Sport has a 431.072 km/h (267.856 mph) top speed, making it the fastest production road car on the market
[3][38][39] although it is electronically limited to 415 km/h (258 mph) to protect the tyres from disintegrating.
[37]
The Bugatti Veyron 16.4 Super Sport World Record Edition is a version
of the Bugatti Veyron 16.4 Super Sport. It is limited to five units. It
has an orange body detailing, orange rims,and a special black exposed
carbon body.
[40] It is not electrically limited to 415 km/h (258 mph) and will hit the record speed of 431.072 km/h (267.856 mph).
The vehicle was unveiled in 2010 at The Quail, followed by the 2010
Monterey Historic Races at Laguna Seca, and the 2010 Pebble Beach
Concours d'Elegance.
[41]
The Super Sport is valued at
£1.2 million.
[1][42]
Motorsports
On 4 July 2010
James May, a television presenter on
BBC Two's television show
Top Gear, drove the Veyron Super Sport at 417.61 km/h (259.49 mph). Later that day, Bugatti's official test driver
Pierre Henri Raphanel drove the Super Sport version of the Veyron on Volkswagen's
Ehra-Lessien (near
Wolfsburg, Germany) high-speed test track to establish the car's top speed. With representatives of the
Guinness Book of Records
and German Technical Inspection Agency (TÜV) on hand, Raphanel made
passes around the big oval in both directions achieving an average
maximum speed of 431.072 km/h (267.856 mph), thus taking back the title
from the
SSC Ultimate Aero TT as the fastest production vehicle of all time.
[5]
The 431.072 km/h mark was reached by averaging the Super Sport's two
test runs, the first reaching 427.93 km/h (265.90 mph) and the second
434.20 km/h (269.80 mph).
[43]
On 9 April 2013 the Title of "Fastest Production Car in the World"
was revoked due to the deactivation of the electronic speed limiter
which makes the car non stock, going against the rules of the title.
[44]
Later, Bugatti’s speed record has been restored. "Following a thorough
review conducted with a number of external experts, Guinness World
Records is pleased to announce the confirmation of Bugatti’s record of
Fastest production car achieved by the Veyron 16.4 Super Sport. The
focus of the review was with respect to what may constitute a
modification to a car’s standard specification. Having evaluated all the
necessary information, Guinness World Records is now satisfied that a
change to the speed limiter does not alter the fundamental design of the
car or its engine."
[45][46]
Grand Sport Vitesse (2011-2015)
Grand Sport Vitesse side view
Bugatti Veyron 16.4 Grand Sport Vitesse is a version of the Grand
Sport with a Super Sport engine. It produces a maximum output of
1,200 PS (880 kW; 1,200 bhp) @ 6,400 rpm and a maximum torque of
1,500 N·m (1,100 lb·ft) @ 3,000-5,000 rpm. These figures allow the car
to reach 100 km/h (62 mph) from standing in 2.6 seconds. On normal
roads, the Vitesse is electronically limited to 375 km/h (233 mph).
The vehicle was unveiled at the 2012 Geneva Motor Show
[47][48] and later appeared at the 2012 Beijing Auto Show
[49] and the São Paulo Motor Show 2012.
[50]
Base price of the Vitesse costs €1.69 million (without tax and
transportation), with the 2012 Geneva Motor Show car costs €1.79
million, São Paulo Motor Show 2012 car costs €1.9 million.
Special editions
Bugatti Veyron Grand Sport Vitesse 'Le Ciel Californien' in
Tampere,
Finland
A number of special editions of the Vitesse were made. The Vitesse SE, inspired by
Bugatti Type 37A, was unveiled in 2012 and sold for €1.74 million (
US$2.2 million).
[51][52][53] The World Record Car (WRC) Edition was limited to 8 units, debuted in 2013, and went on sale for €1.99 million.
[54][55][56]
Motorsports
A Bugatti Veyron 16.4 Grand Sport Vitesse driven by the Chinese racing driver
Anthony Liu at Volkswagen Group's proving grounds in
Ehra-Lessien
became the fastest open-top production sports car, with speed of
408.84 km/h (254.04 mph). The vehicle was unveiled in Shanghai Motor
Show 2013.
[55]
After the world record attempt, Dr. Wolfgang Schreiber, President of
Bugatti Automobiles S.A.S, said “When we introduced the Vitesse, we
established the top speed for open-top driving to be 375 km/h. Still, we
could not let go of the idea of reaching the 400 km/h mark with this
car as well. The fact that we have succeeded in reaching 408.84 km/h is a
thrill for me, and it reaffirms once again that Bugatti is the leader
when it comes to technology in the international automotive industry."
The driver, Anthony Liu, claimed "Even at such high speeds it remained
incredibly comfortable and stable. With an open top, you can really
experience the sound of the engine and yet even at higher speeds I did
not get compromised by the wind at all.”
[54]
Production
As of 6 August 2014, 405 Veyrons have been produced and delivered to
customers worldwide, with orders have already been placed for another
30. Bugatti was reported to produce 300 coupes and 150 roadsters up to
the end of 2015.
[63]
Future development
In 2008, Bugatti then-CEO Dr
Franz-Josef Paefgen confirmed that the Veyron would be replaced by another high-end model by 2012.
[64]
In 2011, the new CEO Wolfgang Dürheimer revealed that the company was
planning to produce two models in the future — one a sports
car-successor to the Veyron, the other a limousine known as the Bugatti
16C Galibier, which was later cancelled.
[65]
Originally the new model due in 2016 was meant to be no faster or more
powerful than the Super Sport. This was later changed after a more
faster and more powerful in-game counterpart of the Super Sport appeared
in
Gran Turismo 6, known as the Bugatti Vision. It later debuted at the Frankfurt Motor Show 2015.
A toned-down version of the Vision concept car, now called the
Chiron,
was later revealed in a rumor, which was later confirmed by Bugatti
itself. This version of the car is expected to be the next fastest car
in the world. The car has also been revealed to be possibly the fastest
convertible car in the world, as it will debut with a
targa top.
The car will debut in March 2016 at the Geneva Motor Show. Production will start in 2017 and will be limited to 500 units.
Last production
Only 450 Bugatti Veyrons were produced in a span of over 10 years.
The final production vehicle, titled "LaFinale" (The End), was displayed
at the Geneva Motor Show 05-15 March 2015.
[66]
Sales
- ^ The last Veyron, No. 450 was sold May 2014.
Top Gear
All three presenters of the popular BBC motoring show
Top Gear have given the Veyron considerable praise. While initially skeptical that the Veyron would ever be produced,
Jeremy Clarkson
later declared the Veyron "the greatest car ever made and the greatest
car we will ever see in our lifetime". He also pointed out that the
actual production cost of a Bugatti Veyron car was
£5 million, but was sold to customers for just
£1 million. When asked why, he jokingly said that
Volkswagen designed the car merely as a "Technical Exercise".
James May described the Veyron as "our
Concorde moment." Clarkson test drove the Veyron from
Alba in northern
Italy to
London in a race against May and
Richard Hammond who made the journey in a
Cessna 182 aeroplane.
A few episodes later, May drove the Veyron at the VW test track and
took it to its top speed of 407.16 km/h (253.00 mph). In series 10,
Hammond raced the Veyron against the
Eurofighter Typhoon and lost. He also raced the car in Series 13 against a
McLaren F1 driven by
The Stig in a one-mile (1.6 km) drag race in
Abu Dhabi.
The commentary focused on Bugatti's "amazing technical achievement"
versus the "non-gizmo" racing purity of the F1. While the F1 was quicker
off the line and remained ahead until both cars were travelling at
approximately 200 km/h, the Bugatti overtook its competitor from 200 to
300 km/h and emerged the victor. Hammond has stated that he did not use
the Veyron's
launch control in order to make the race more interesting.
The Veyron also won the award for "Car of the Decade" in
Top Gear's
end of 2010 award show. Clarkson commented "It was a car that just
rewrote the rule book really, an amazing piece of engineering, a genuine
Concorde moment". When the standard version was tested, it did not
reach the top of the lap time leader board, with a time of 1:18.3, which
was speculated as being due to the car's considerable weight
disadvantage against the other cars towards the top. The Super Sport
version later achieved the fastest ever time of 1:16.8 (later beaten by
the
Ariel Atom V8, the
McLaren MP4-12C, the
Pagani Huayra, the
BAC Mono, the
Lamborghini Aventador, and the
Lamborghini Huracán),
[74] as well as being taken to a verified average top speed of 431 km/h (268 mph) by Raphanel on the programme,
[75] thenceforth retaking its position as the
fastest production car in the world.
[76][77][78]
Martin Roach
In 2011, Martin Roach's book
Bugatti Veyron: A Quest for Perfection – The Story of the Greatest Car in the World[79]
took the stance that the car had now become so famous that it is
effectively a bona fide celebrity. The book follows its author as he
attempts to track down and drive the car, along the way interviewing
chief designers, test drivers, and the president of Bugatti.
Gordon Murray
Gordon Murray, designer of the
McLaren F1
(which for many years was the fastest production car ever built) said
the following about the Bugatti Veyron in UK auto magazine
Evo during its development period:
The most pointless exercise on the planet has got to be this
four-wheel-drive thousand-horsepower Bugatti. I think it's incredibly
childish this thing people have about just one element - top speed or
standing kilometre or 0–60. It's about as narrow minded as you can get
as a car designer to pick on one element. It's like saying we're going
to beat the original Mini because we're going to make a car 10mph faster
on its top speed - but it's two foot longer and 200 kilos heavier.
That's not car designing - that just reeks of a company who are
paranoid...
Murray later brought up and criticised Volkswagen for "scamming" car
buyers in the 1990s for buying the cheapest parts possible for the
production of Jettas and Golfs, allowing Volkswagen to make a larger
profit off their car sales, funding the construction of the Bugatti
Veyron. However, Murray was impressed with the Veyron's engine and
transmission after he test drove one for
Road and Track magazine.
[81]
sumber :https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bugatti_Veyron
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